The Last Remnants of Grizzly Bears

With all the new and advanced technology that is accessible today, who has time to enjoy or care about the great outdoors? Unfortunately, much of the wilderness and the animals within it are gradually fading away. There are many animals that have already been extinct and many more will soon be put on the list of extinction. In the second issue of Target Earth, Tim Stevens found in 1975, the grizzly bear was listed as a threatened species, under the Endangered Species Act. Stevens also stated, Today, the grizzly bear hangs on in the last remnants of wild places left in the U. S. –places like the Greater Yellowstone, Glacier Park, and Shelkirk Mountains of Northern Idaho. The survival of the grizzly bear depends on several factors such as: amount of food they need and amount of space they need to live. Grizzly bears have tremendous food requirements in order to survive–adult females average 300 pounds, and males around 450 pounds, stated Stevens. Furthermore, grizzly bears are opportunistic feeders thriving on roots, berries, pine nuts, insects, herbaceous vegetation, fish, small mammals, and occasionally wild ungulates and their young. With grizzly bears wide variety of provisions, they need a large area to sustain themselves. Stevens stated, a male grizzly bear will use up to a 500 square mile â€Å"home range† throughout its life. Glover and Johnson stated, a female grizzly bear will use up 11-490 square miles throughout its life. Being that the grizzly bear is a wide-ranging, slow breeding species, and as such, are very good indicators of the overall health of the ecosystems they depend upon. If the habitat is in good shape, one could assume the bear is doing rather well(Stevens, Target Earth). However, conservation biologist states, none of the current grizzly populations is large enough to sustain itself over time. Aldo Leoplod states, the most feasible way to enlarge the area available for wilderness fauna is for the wilder parts of the National Forests, which usually surround the Parks, to function as parks in respect of threatened species. Leopold goes on to state, they have not so functioned is tragically illustrated in the case of the grizzly bear. The Greater Yellowstone is isolated from other wildland ecosystems. These populations become vulnerable to inbreeding and other genetic problems, it is critical to have these grizzly bear ecosystems connected by â€Å"linkages† or â€Å"biological corridors. † Ecosystems are much larger than the designated national parks within them. At the core of the Greater Yellowstone National Park, which is 2. 2 million acres. The ecosystem is 18 million acres and includes 7 national forests, wilderness areas, national wildlife refuges and Bureau of Land Management land. Bears are not only dependent upon the National Park â€Å"core,† but also upon the surrounding lands. Scientists have long recognized that these species are dependent upon the health of the entire ecosystem(Stevens, Target Earth). The grizzly bears habitat is slowly diminishing. The Northeast part of Greater Yellowstone provides a good example of the overall cumulative effects that many activities can have on an area. This area has been one of the best and most productive regions for grizzly bears. However, the U. S. Forest Service has been steadily logging and roading many of the last non-wilderness public lands in the region. For example, in one area called the Sunlight Basin, nearly, 4,500 acres of trees have been harvested since 1986. All of this timber was in grizzly habitat. Unfortunately, more timber sales are planned for this are in the future(Stevens, Target Earth).. In addition, on our national forest lands, logging and mining companies and willing federal agencies continue the steady drumbeat of resource extraction. Logging, road building and other developments have begun to invade and alter these landscapes, reducing their ability to support grizzly bears in two critical ways: first, transforming large expanses of land into smaller patches that will be isolated from each other. If the remaining patches become separated by too great a distance, populations of grizzly bears will inevitably decline and may disappear altogether. Second, development brings humans in to the habitat of bears, which inevitably leads to more disturbance and illegal bear kills. It is this kind of scenario that is typical of the remaining 2% of grizzly habitat in the United States(Stevens, Target Earth). Furthermore, when we protect habitat for the grizzly bear, we are also protecting other non-game species, clean water, big game habitat and places for people to experience the wonder of creation. Protecting the last 2%of grizzly bear habitat in the lower 48 states is a delicate balancing act. In the 20 years since the grizzly bear was listed as a threatened species, habitat critical to its survival has been steadily eroded, through clear-cutting, excessive forest road building, oil and gas drilling and private development. Stevens states, proper balance and conservation of grizzly habitat is the key to the bears future. The grizzly bear is one of Yellowstone's most popular attractions. It is a symbol of the rugged west. At one time, populations were thought to be between 50,000 and 100,000 bears in the 1800s in North America. However, by 1900, only a few bears remained in scattered areas. In 1975, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed less than 1,000 bears remained. Today, biologist report 280-610 grizzlies inhabit the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem. This estimate comes from a study team of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee(Glover and Johnson). Today, there are many organizations and efforts to preserve the grizzly bears for the generations to come. One such organization is the Eastern Slopes Grizzly Bear Project. This project was initiated in 1994 to address the urgent need for scientific information about the cumulative effect of human development and activities on grizzly bears in this area. The ESGBP actively promotes the application of this information in management and conservation contexts. One of the objectives of the ESGBP is to focus on research efforts on the cumulative effects of regional land use and mortality factors on grizzly bears. Another objective is to contribute to the conservation of grizzly bear populations and their habitat in the Central Rockies Ecosystems and especially the eastern Slopes(Canadianrockies). If a plan is not devised to help promote and preserve the wildlife of the grizzly bears, it may not be long before they are taken off the Endangered Species list and placed on the extinction list. Author Edward Abbey stated, â€Å"It is my fear that if we allow the freedom of the hills and the last of the grizzly to be taken away from us, then the very idea of freedom may die with it†. And, â€Å"We must not allow our national parks and national forests to be degraded to the status of mere playgrounds†. Grizzly bears obviously need a large space for survival being their provisions range from a wide variety of nuts and berries. Also, the adult females only produce every three years due to the fact their young stay with them for two years. This is one reason why grizzly bears do not reproduce rapidly. Grizzly bears are the second slowest reproducing land mammal in North America. By keeping the grizzly bear from becoming extinct, it protects many other animals from becoming extinct as well.

Office Software Essay

In a typical organization for example Exxon Mobile security, uses an office automation software named as â€Å"e-integrate† which successfully manages the various integrations of data sharing among each other. The group collaboration software used is named as â€Å"e-communicate† which allows all the employees of the organization in accordance to their departmental rules and regulations. Advantages of Office Automation software: The advantages of an office automation and group collaboration software can be attributed to effectively manage the resources like office employees and jobs. The database containing all the records of the employees and the resources at use would make sure to fetch the right amount of detail for working with it when needed. The record also facilitates the requirement of efficient data storage and to maintain a standard practice for handling records. Another advantage would be to record every task done and to record large useful data of various transactions, issues and various exceptional situations which may be required as audit trail. The large data and its association would also assist the higher management for preparing MIS reports. Automation also enables one to figure out the achievement of the set of objectives that the business is about to decide. The various business processes can be effectively managed and must be synchronized well for implementing the processes in action. The effective gain of the business processes can be measured only through the automation of business tasks. It efficiently keeps a record of every business objective and the process to execute in every way. The prime importance is the way the organization distributes data and knowledge among various resources mainly the human resources. The way one views data depending on the right and privileges one possess, makes sure that all the various views are well regularized pertaining to correct use and safety of the data. The business objectives are recorded and the very data integration and sharing is done at a large scales Demerits of Office automation system: The primary disadvantages of office automation software’s is that it is too expensive to maintain and periodic updates are not possible at all times, the maintenance cost is high as concrete technical batch is required for getting the job done. Another aspect is to take care of the evolution of the software which changes in the dynamic business environment. IITB.ac.in (2008) mentions that another demerit is the high dependence on such software makes it quite difficult to trust any human being on information and would derive all trust on the software which further may cripple the office operations on a case of disaster. Advantages of Group collaboration software: The group collaboration software makes it easy to communicate among peers and external business units. The advantage would be to fetch communication and effectively obtain data for functioning in the tough business scenario. The group collaboration software also makes sure that all the various communication channels are maintained well for information distribution in a timely and correct manner so that one is able to fetch the right perspective for doing their job. The group collaboration software helps one to video conference with clients, suppliers, manufacturers and save a lot of time and money. They can forward samples, brochures and resource materials and lots more. Large file sharing is made possible using such collaboration software which would enable one to fetch the detailed information about a particular decision (Hyperoffice.com, 2008). Large decision parameters would make sure that all the various domains of employees are catered to their information needs. Disadvantages of Group collaboration software: The biggest disadvantage of the group collaboration software is that the communication would always be dependent on such software use only and employees would neglect any form of human in person communication. Although the company associated would cut costs but would fetch the mechanical way of taking care of communication aspects. Over dependence on the software would make sure that all the various communication mediums would not be trusted no more. A huge amount of dissatisfaction would prevail and would incorporate only transferring of data and messages through the electronic medium. The disaster recovery schemes are often not taken care resulting in huge risk of data loss and thereby information loss in the process. The disadvantage is the high degree of information sensitivity is high so several communications are often recorded and leads to disaster when the software collapses. The office automation and group collaboration software’s are used in Exxon Mobile security with an intention to fetch better methods to organize information for its effective storage and efficient retrieval techniques. The basic purpose for fetching the right direction towards handling information would be served for making a right journey. On the other hand, the economy part of the automation software is quite weakening as the organization requires large scale investment, not only in one time installation but in periodic investments which require a lot of strategy in this direction.

Materials Requirement Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Materials Requirement Planning - Essay Example One of these long term benefits of materials requirements planning is the fact that the software involved in materials requirement planning shall serve as a facilitator for the company to even benefit more from commonality because at every point in time, inventory organization is going to be undertaken by the software to ensure that the right allocation of materials and products are in place for production to begin. The system of having to undertake product and material inventory manually and mechanically would therefore be taken care of. Role of commonality and how it benefits the company Going through the models of commonality available to Schwinn Bicycle Company, there are two major roles that the system can be said to be playing for the company. The first has to do with the benefit of overcoming market pressure and the second has to do with assurance of cost reduction for manufacturers. On the benefit of overcoming market pressure, it can be seen that the major idea behind common ality is the ability to interchange components and parts of the bicycles produced with others (The Guardian, 2012). What this means to rate of production is that at any point in time, manufacturers are not obliged to look for the exact component or part that would fit into a specific area of the bicycle in the line of production. Subsequently, the time that spent on searching for parts is incorporated into the actual production time. In a typical example, the search for replacements for steel as against aluminum and aluminum as against titanium can easily be taken care of through the functioning of commonality. Ideally therefore, manufacturers are afforded the luxury of dealing with materials as and when they are available to fit into another component and not necessarily complete a search for a new component. What is more, the company is able to cut down on cost significantly especially when it comes to the cost of labor. Indeed, commonality ensures cost benefit production in sever al ways (Gardener, 2001). In the case of Schwinn Bicycle Company, the company can have the luxury of depending on only a few laborers to get most parts of their production executed because the principle of commonality permits that one employee may play several roles on the production line especially when the use of common materials that can fit into other components are involved (Gardener, 2001). For example within the company’s set up, it would not have to have an aluminum expert as well as a steel expert for the production of crown race. This is because the very laborer who works with aluminum could be trained to work with steel and so the cost of employing two workers becomes saved for the company. Still on cost benefit, it can be said that anytime demand meets supply or even exceeds it because market pressure is beaten by means of commonality, productivity goes high and this results in market revenue. The company therefore has the benefit of completing several units of bi cycles within shorter time frames, sales of which translate into increase in revenue for the company. How materials requirement planning (MRP) is useful to Schwinn One major criticism that has often come up against companies in the line of commonality is their refusal to adhere to the basic principles of materials require

Customer Relationship Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Customer Relationship Management - Essay Example It is evident from the study that the customer relationship management aims to trim down costs and boost profitability by solidifying client loyalty. Customer relationship management may have a key impact on a business through: changing the attention from merchandise to client streamlining the offer to what the client requires, not what the business can make. This stresses the competencies required for a successful Customer Relationship Management procedure. CRM has specialized inputs, components and characteristics, which characterize CRM of a corporation and client base capacity for development and advancement over time. It contains particulars of customers; thus, it is very simple to follow a client accordingly and can be useful in the determination of customer’s profitability. All the information in CRM system is centralized that is accessible anytime on fingertips. This decreases process time and enhances efficiency. The strongest facet of CRM is that it is particularly c ost-effective. The main benefit of CRM system is that there is incredibly no requirement of paper and physical work, which involves lesser staff to supervise and resources to administer. New interactive technologies provide effective and acceptable level of service in order for a company to retain customers. In circumstance after circumstance, companies concurrently under-deliver on service components that are significant to customers, and over-deliver on service point clients might not regard about or even discern. (Peppers & Rogers, 2004). In many businesses, assignment of service provision is specific to frontline functions. These roles may be held up amid a broken system and an aggravated customer with modest capability to tackle any of the deeper systemic subjects. Therefore, this limits the degree of the relationship and understanding between the company and the customer. Thus, companies have to shift from depending on their technologies to analyzing their customer behavior to maximize their profits. A distinctive characteristic of companies that uphold success with clients is their capability to connect with customers as individuals. Businesses that appear engrossed in their clients’ lives and, consequently, convey an extremely personal, human experience. Embodying customers incorporate organized ways to entrench empathy in the foundation processes of client discovery, plan and delivery experiences, which are constructive for customers and beneficial as well as tactically pertinent for the business. Empathy is the recognition with or sensational experiencing of the feelings, situations, feelings, attitudes or thoughts of another (Peppers & Rogers, 2004). Apple Computers Apple computers have an understandable and straightforward set of products. Therefore, it is effortless to comprehend the differences between their product families, products and diverse configurations. Complicating products make it hard for a customer to understand the product an d even identify with it; thus, cementing the relationship between the company and customer. Apple restructures its product packaging and offerings to generate a simpler proposition for customers (Peel and Gancarz, 2002). Category and product simplification attracts a customer concentration from derivate labels, meaning that less is significant in a customer’s behavior. Apple computers place the customer at the centre of design. Engineers build and design personal computers and mobile phones, an approach which leads to baffling messages on machines. However, Apple sets design and

Mcdonald- chose one branch in london Coursework

Mcdonald- chose one branch in london - Coursework Example The huge advertisements and promotions of the fast food restaurants are the major factors that raised the fast food market. Through fast food people can gain many competitive advantages which are suitable for existing economic condition (Bagwell & Doff, 2009). The Following Table Shows the Ranking of McDonald’s with respect to Market Share in the UK Source: (Government of Canada Publications, 2011). In this context, the Oxford Street branch, situated in London of McDonald’s will be analysed for the study. Demand Factors of Fast food in London This segment describes the nature of fast food demand and relative factors that influence the demand of fast food products in London. The fast food market is monopoly in nature. The demand for fast food is not completely elastic. Any restaurant can increase the cost of fast food products without diminishing the demand to zero. There is a certain demand curve for each fast food restaurants. A restaurant can sell more products by min imizing their products cost or sell less by increasing the cost of the products. However, no restaurant can make excess profit because there are substitute products in other restaurants (Baker, 2001). 0 In the above graph, the demand curve of fast food products is D1 and it is downward sloping because as the price of fast food products increase, the quantity i.e. sales decreases. The shift in demand is shown as D2 curve when the demand for fast food products will increase. London’s Oxford Street is known as the most famous and developed area in the city. People who reside in Oxford Street are quite modern including those who have comparatively lower income than others. There and many professionals and students there who have busy lifestyles and many people even perform two jobs. Thus, they are busy in their jobs for considerable amount of time of a day. Thus, many households have limited time to prepare foods for day and/or night. Therefore, the people have less cooking tende ncy and is of the belief that eating fast food is comparatively better value for money. Table Showing Frequency of Consuming Food of People in the UK Source: (Bagwell & Doff, 2009). From the above table, it can be seen that young people of age group between 15–24 years prefer to eat in fast food restaurants. They are the largest portion of fast food customers. Men are most frequent customers of fast food restaurants compared to woman. There is inverse relationship with consuming fast food and age because as the age increases the preference of eating fast food decreases. The following chart shows the spending on fast food products in London in the year 2006. Chart Showing Spending on fast Food in London Source: (Bagwell & Doff, 2009). The above chart depicts that majority of customers spent minimum ?3 on fast food at Oxford Street branch. Young school students have a high demand for fast food. It has been found that young students spend average ?1.01 and 74 pence on fast food while going to school and coming back from school. In the year 2007, ?82 was spent per person for fast food. There are various reasons for high demand of fast food. The factors which influence the demand of fast food products are speed of delivery, taste, inexpensiveness and availability. Besides, there are other factors such as convenience, scarcity of time and comfort which drive

Edgar Allan Poes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Edgar Allan Poes - Essay Example Both the stories are written using the same technique by Edgar Allan Poe. He has used the narrator as a tool to describe the events in both the stories. This essay would further revolve around the two stories and present the differences and similarities found in both the stories. Edgar Allan Poe has explicably written both the works to show the madness that is prevalent in the world. He uses the technique of a narrative to describe both the stories along with the justice that is served in the ending of both stories (Poe 375). Poe uses the first person experience to narrate both the stories so that the readers can take an insight in the scenes of the horror fiction. Poe gives a detailed explanation of the lives of the two narrators in the stories aforementioned in the beginning so that the readers can grasp the scenes of the story. Both the stories follow the genre of horror and fear as the author shows psychological trauma and fear in the characters that are being played by the narra tors. These themes can be clearly seen in the quote taken from the story ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ which says ‘I cut off the head and the arms and the legs’(Poe 7). ... â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Black Cat† depict the extent to which a human being can go and the narrative serves to explain the reader that the narrators are not as mentally sound as they argues that they are. The mental state of both the narrators can clearly be said to be inappropriate even though they argue that they are sane enough. In both the stories the narrators are the killers and they kill for reasons that are only known to them. It can be seen that both the works have quite a lot of similarities but upon close analysis it can also be seen that the works have a difference. In the ‘The Black Cat’ the narrator kills the cat and his wife unintentionally whereas in â€Å"The Tell Tale† the narrator plans out to kill the old man as he fears his eye. Poe places the factor of anger differently in both the stories as it is seen that the narrator in â€Å"The Black Cat† takes out his anger on a living thing that can possibly not r esist. However in â€Å"The Tell Tale† it is seen that the narrator takes out anger on a person who can resist. It is also seen that the beginning in both the stories is different as in ‘The Tell Tale’ the narrator gives out the ending in the opening paragraphs whereas in ‘The Black Cat’ the narrator gives the whole account at the end of the story. The plot of the stories is shown differently to the readers by Poe to but in the end both the narrators are caught for the crime that they commit. In conclusion it can be said that Poe has written two classical works in the genre of horror to present the insanity of individuals in a different perspective. He has used the object of fear as a tool to describe the scenes in the stories so that the readers

Buying the House in the Area of Northridge Essay

Buying the House in the Area of Northridge - Essay Example b) Sexual Offenders: There were ten sexual offenses recorded in recent days in various parts of Northridge which can also be recognized as the neighborhood area of Rinaldi Street (Office of the Attorney General, â€Å"In Violation†). c) Density: According to the Census 2000, the neighborhood area of the selected house/condo is populated with a total number of 28,049 people (U.S. Census Bureau, â€Å"Fact Sheet†). Thus, the area is not densely populated.   d) Local School Ratings: The selected area of Northridge encompasses with 14 preschools, 10 public elementary, 3 public middles, 1 district, 1 public high, 1 public charter and 17 private schools (Great Schools Inc, â€Å"Districts or Schools in Northridge†). Few of the schools have been ranked as the top schools in the county while most of them are ranked as fairly good between 1 to 6 out of 10 (Los Angeles Times, â€Å"Northridge†). e) Earthquake Fault Location: The area of Northridge in Los Angeles region possesses a high risk of the earthquake from faults such as blind thrust fault and others. The selected area includes itself in the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones (the State of California, â€Å"Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone Maps†). a) Zoning Regulations: The selected area includes in the Restricted Density Multiple Dwelling Zone. According to the regulations prescribed the area is prohibited to be used for commercial purpose. The residents are also not allowed to have equine(s) in a lot area which is less than 20,000 square feet. Moreover, increasing the building over two stories is also prohibited. However, the selected condo includes itself in the RD2 zone (American Legal Publishing Corporation, â€Å"Municipal Code, Chapter I (Planning And Zoning Code)†.).   

What will it take for you to be where you want to be 25 years from now Essay

What will it take for you to be where you want to be 25 years from now - Essay Example It must be obvious to see that the goal require investments now and this would prompt me to make a list of where will I get the resources to finance my education in school. The minimum kind of education that a successful psychologist should have should include finishing a graduate and post graduate degree. I will take up my undergraduate degree in psychology at University of Louisiana at Lafayette (ULL) in the fall. The resources during my undergraduate which would have to come primarily from my parents and loved one with some self-help in case I will decide to work as well as study. More than the financial resources, of course, is the emotional support of my parents and loves ones to build on virtues for success which I will discuss in this paper. After finishing my undergraduate degree I plan to get a work experience of two to three years before I will make graduate degree to be followed by a post-graduate.1 This is a long journey and it would take a combination of patience and perseverance as necessary virtues to be able to be what I want to be 25 year from now. What it means to be patient can be seen in the life of a turtle. The turtle may be slow moving but its every move is calculated and it can use its scales for survival and protection as well as adjustment. By comparing my desired characteristics to be successful to that of a turtle, the same would mean having to use my â€Å"scales† which I equate with my positive outlook in life with high sense of realism. If I would have to burn the midnight oil when I have to do my school works and assignment, I will have to. In school I know there would be many assignment, research works and projects that must be accomplished before deadlines and impatient people cannot simply have them accomplished. I believe the best way to prepare for them is the virtue of patience. A

Collaborating to Expand the Pipeline Essay Example for Free

Collaborating to Expand the Pipeline Essay Affirmative action is a policy that is aimed at providing positive measures to remedy effects of past discrimination against members of certain groups (Clayton Crosby 1992, p.2). One of the areas that suffer underrepresentation of the diverse, underrepresented individuals and minority group in colleges is the laws schools and subsequently in the legal profession. The questioned posed is â€Å"Is affirmative action the best solution to alleviating this crisis or is it the major cause together with other practices that have contributed to these underrepresentation?                     First of all is the admission procedure. Admission selection considers those with a bachelor’s degree for an accredited university or college. Few underrepresented minority students are able to attend college and obtain the relevant qualifications. Moreover, there are disparities in number of applicants and the number who get enrolled. For example in 2000, 74500 individuals submitted their application to ABA- approved school and an estimate of 67% of the total were admitted (ABA/ LSAC Pre-Conference Report, 2005, p, 4). This illustrates a flaw in the acceptance procedure that focus on higher merit in which its well document trend that underrepresented minorities score less on the Law Schools Admission Test (LSAT).                   Secondly the individual state bar exams are a severe impediment. â€Å"While the LSAT remains a reliable predictor of success in law school and the Law School Admission Council (makers of the LSAT), warn against over-reliance on numerical qualifiers alone† (ABA/ LSAC Pre-Conference Report, 2005, p, 5). Raised cut off points detriment the minorities who are disproportionately at the bottom in addition the bars are also misapplied. The percentage of residents in a state should have a proportionate percentage at the law school. The lack of a national bar does also contribute to this issue.                      The above two examples illustrate why affirmative action is needed in leveling admissions. Higher merit and higher cut off points are serving to lock out minority groups from accessing law education. In coming up with a criteria for selection, the selection board should put into consideration performance of minority groups which is at the lower end of the spectrum.                   Terry Eastland suggests that affirmative action promotes discrimination. He argues that there is nothing like positive or negative discrimination. In Higher education for example, when the institution sets a lower grade for color students, the act in itself creates discrimination. These groups of students who will be enrolled under affirmative action are well aware that they are in that position due to their race. It is a negative experience that is not easy to erase. Sometimes attitudes from the majority students will affect the students from the minority. The majority students may not look at the minority as equals.                   Affirmative action leads to stigma. Eastland says that very few people are aware of the abilities and potential of the marginalized groups. In this case they are likely to be less respected and less valued. This can end up psychologically affecting these groups and it can be worsened if they fail to perform. Terry end believes that an environment should an equal working basis. If students have to be enrolled for higher education, it should be based on merit and not race. This will create an equal working environment of mutual relationship.                  Furthermore, Eastland equates ‘Affirmative action’ to ‘lower standards’. The rationale of having a policy that sets asides positions after a normal criterion creates a barrier between quality and less quality. By having this policy, institutions are accepting that results posted from minority groups are of lesser quality and lesser magnitude to that from the majority. Policy makers argue that the minority are affected by certain factors that make them not to equal results of the majority. It then beats logic that it would be easier resolving factors that make minority perform lesser than providing a criterion that guarantee certain results.                  Terry Eastland comments and views in regard to affirmative action tend to disapprove use of affirmative action against underrepresentation based on color. His views do not factor underrepresentation due to gender. However the logic behind his reasons and those of other scholars can equally be equated to affirmative action on gender and sex segregation                  Gender affirmative actions have shown to improve the status of women in the society. In fact advocates for gender affirmative actions have sprung from various women activists and organizations. Women have gained access to representations in legislative organs, various courses in colleges that stereotypically were set for men. However it is urged that continuous paying attention to a group of people will result in then differences becoming more salient than the commonalities among people (Clayton Crosby 1992, p.11). This statement thus emphasizes Terry Eastland’s arguments against affirmative action.                To conclude, the benefits of affirmative action are actually visible. Moving forward however, the fundamental principles of affirmative action seem to have been overtaken with time. Putting into consideration Terry Eastland arguments in regard to affirmative action, the negatives of affirmative action outweigh the positives. Affirmative action has led to lower productivity, increased segregation and stigmatization. The call to end affirmative actions thus is justified. References Clayton, Susan D, and Faye J. Crosby. Justice, Gender, and Affirmative Action. Ann Arbor, Mich: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1992. Print. Law Schools Admission Council. Pre Conference Report (2005) Collaborating to Expand the Pipeline. Retrieved from http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/op/pipelineconf/PipelinePostReport.authcheckdam.pdf Source document

Steinbeck is interested in the ways hardship and suffering human character Essay Example for Free

Steinbeck is interested in the ways hardship and suffering human character Essay Steinbeck is interested in the ways hardship and suffering human character. Discuss how this is portrayed in Of Mice And Men Of Mice and Men is a novel very much affected by the time in which its author lived. Steinbeck wrote and set Of Mice And Men in a time of great economic change in America, when the countrys 125,000 threshers (men who harvested grain- Californias major product) were slowly being replaced for the new and more efficient form of harvesting-mechanical combines. The Wall Street Crash in 1929 heralded the start of the Great Depression that swept America in the 1930s, and the consequences of this on farming was compacted and increased with the famous dust bowl crisis, forcing many farmers into poverty and immense debt. Migrant farm workers such as Lennie and George fuelled and made possible the intensive farming economy. They travelled many miles by foot or other cheap forms of transportation for a temporary job that would pay enough to survive on, only to be told to leave when they were no longer needed. They would then have to wait for the next vacancy available. In these conditions men most usually travelled alone- it was hard to form any stable relationships in a life where it was vital to travel so often and when self-survival was more important than anyone elses. Its in this world of self survival that John Steinbeck based Of Mice And Men, which is a portrayal of effects these conditions can have on human nature. The most prominent of these effects in the novel itself is loneliness, (a major theme) which is present in some way in every one of Steinbecks characters. The book itself has been described as a symphony of lonliness. In a world where ones own survival and well-being is priority and you are mostly alone, the workers became very isolated. The effects of the lack of friendship, love or compassion on the workers have made them unable to relate in any way to anyone but themselves, and the self-importance that is forced to become their priority renders them unable to feel much pity or empathy for anyone or anything, turning them inwards and embittered towards a world which hasnt treated them well. They all live an existence in which every day is taken as it comes, each one matters in the fight for survival. They do not think in the long term, they spend the small wages they receive as soon as they can in taverns and whore-houses, they do not have dreams of the future. Loneliness effects some characters in other ways. For example, Curleys wife lives a life rivalling and arguably, exceeding the workers in isolation and loneliness. She has entered into a loveless and -the suggestion is- brutal marriage on a ranch full of wary, frightened and suspicious men with no-one to talk to, no love or tenderness, no prospect of change or escape from it. Unlike the men, she also has no motivation to survive. The workers aim in life is to survive, to keep on going, to keep on surviving through all the deprivation, as some still have prospects for change. Curleys wife is stuck at a figurative dead-end. She has arrived at the place she will remain for most probably the rest of her life, in an incessant routine of lonely, endless monotony. It is this isolation and the dissapointment of niave dreams of Hollywood and broken trust that has turned her into the character we are presented with in the beginning chapters of the book. The whore, the slut, the jail-bait, and the tart are her own form of survival- whereas the men have had to become totally self-interested and self-dependent in order to survive, Curleys wife has had to survive by attempting to gain power and attention in the only way she can in a ranch full of men- through sexual supremacy. However it appears there are infact two characters in the novel less affected by the isolation than the other characters, Slim and Lennie. It could be argued that George is also less affected, as his friendship with Lennie saves him from turning totally inward. Lennies friendship and care stop George from becoming like the other ranch workers, as he has to think about Lennies well being in addition to his own. George and Lennies relationship is almost more like that of a parent and child than of friends, and George has to look after Lennie, therefore George thinks about someone other than himself. So far his relationship has had its downsides, because as this isnt a normal friendship and Lennie is less capable mentally, Lennie keeps getting George into trouble. This proves that George needs to become isolated, lonely and inward as the others if he wants to be able successfully to survive. The conditions of the workers affect them in sad, terrible ways, yet its interesting that they actually need to be behave in this way if they want to survive. There is a strange need for loneliness and isolation, and this is how loneliness effects George and ultimately, George and Lennies friendship.

Problems Faced by Asian Students in English Pronunciation

Problems Faced by Asian Students in English Pronunciation Introduction Speaking regarded as the most important and difficult micro-skill of the four skills in foreign language learning. Most adult non-native students of English in the UK particularly Asian students face a lot of difficulties when they speak English and they sometimes get frustrated when they could not understand or be understand by native speakers of English. Therefore, they encounter the same problems that confront any students studying in a foreign culture, such as grammar, pronunciation, listening comprehension and different cultures. Also, it is difficult for them to adjust to the English language especially when they speak it. They may have difficulty understanding class lecture, making them feel reluctant to participate in class discussion, seminars and tutorials. This essay will first explain and evaluate only one issue that face adult Asian students in UK when they speak English which is English pronunciation. Therefore, pronunciation is a difficult aspect in language learning f or adult Asian students which lead to real barriers to communication and can contribute to motivation with native English speakers. This essay also will examine what are the most frequent difficulties encountered them in English pronunciation, the factors that affecting the pronunciation of non native students of English , some solutions to surmount the difficulties of mispronunciation among Asian adult students and finally it will throw some light on the implications of language teaching. Literature review: Teachers of English as a FL or a L2 know so well how important pronunciation is. Nevertheless, sometimes it has been obvious that a teacher has been paid little attention to the students pronunciation in the process of second language learning and teaching. Celce Goodain(1991) states that over the past years, there have been different views about the value of teaching pronunciation in language teaching and they reported that the cognitive approach and grammar translation reading based method which used by teachers attach no importance to pronunciation. However, in the direct approach, pronunciation is considered important. In addition, Jack and William (2002) reported that pronunciation is no longer considered as an indispensable aspect in a foreign language teaching. According to Beebe (1984,51), `Most current textbooks in English as a second language either ignore the teaching of pronunciation or rely primarily on old stand-bys-to teach non-native learners to pronounce English accurately. Trammell (1993) also indicates that instruction in pronunciation has been deemphasised due to the new teaching methods like the Communicative Approach. Communication is an important need of in daily life and it should be the primary purpose of language learning and teaching . Therefore, teaching English speaking to non-native students of English how to speak English accurately and fluently with native speakers of English is one of the general objectives of the foreign language teaching. According to Yule (2006: 33), language is primarily speech and it is more basic to language than the written form. Knowles (1987) argue that written language is permanent and looks imperfect version of the spoken language whereas spoken Language is more elusive. It is clear that we all speak and hear the sounds spoken in our environment first before we write or read. For instance, child before goes to school, he will speak before write because he will acquire his first Language from his family when he imitates what they said. It is seem that as long as one can communicate with others in the second language, everything is fine but the questions is ,how can communicate with people fluently if your pronunciation is incorrect? Beebe (1984) insists that pronunciation always affect what we communicate and how well we communicate it, and therefore it should be take seriously. Weeren Theunissen(1987: 109) pointed out: Firstly, good pronunciation allows one to be better understood. It gives the speakers oral production a certain redundancy. And this can help to get a message across more effectively as a learning objective because of it is high pay off. The number of sound, sound clusters and intonation pattern in a Language is finite, as is the alphabet. Once the system has been mastered, it can be used, thus giving it fundamentally an infinite scope. Thirdly, a deviant pronunciation means that one is immediately marked as non-native abroad. Harmer (2007) suggests that if students want to be able to speak fluently in English, they need to be able pronounce phonemes correctly and appropriate stress and intonation. Pronunciations of students need to be good enough to communicate the message so that it is understood by other speakers of English. Therefore, most Asian adult students have difficulties to pronounce words or sentences correctly which can be a major cause of misunderstandings. They have difficulties in recognize sound of English, word stress( which part of a word are more heavily stressed that is spoken louder and longer), sentence stress( which part of a sentence can be more heavily stressed), sounds in connected speech( how to link the sounds together in a sentence),and finally in intonation(how our voice rises and falls at a certain point of the sentence).From my own experience as a teacher in a secondary school, most students have potential pronunciation problems when they speak English. They have problem wi th stress and intonation that they unable to put the right emphasis on the right part of the word. Also they have problems with vowels bends and consonants blends as well. For example, sounds likeea and ou can be confusing them because when they listen to the audio recordings, it can be very difficult for them to pick up the subtle blends of two or more vowels. Additionally, In consonants blends, they have problem with th sound because they are not accustomed to putting t and h together to form th sound to reproduce. It is clear that pronunciation is so difficult to learn. The first language of most overseas students effect on learning the second language. Problems that face Asian students in English pronunciation: Most Asian adult students work and study hard to become very fluent in English. However, there are many different varieties of spoken English and non-native students may have achieved fluency such as knowing correct grammar and knowing a large numbers of vocabulary especially when they have been taught by non-native speakers but they have a non-standard accent which make the use of English difficult for native speakers of English to understand. Vowels Celce-Murcia, Brinton and Goodwin (1996) states there are different types of vowel sounds in English pronunciation. Firstly, received pronunciation. It has twelve monophthongs (single or pure vowels).Secondly, eight diphthongs (double vowels) and two thriphthongs (triple vowels).therefore, some of in Asian students like Arabices , Japanese and Chinese have fewer vowels in their first Language which lead to have problems with hearing and pronouncing these distinctions of vowel sounds. For example, Japanese language has only 5 vowels /i/,/e/,/a/,/É‘/,/o/. According to, Kenworthy(1987) there are five vowels letters which are (a, e, i, o, u) .They map to 13 different sounds. For instance, the letter is pronounced differently in the words: boat, boot, out and hot. This is one of the problems that encountered by Asian adult students in pronunciation subject. They have problem with the /a/ sound (e.g. at) because it is not easy for them to hear and pronounce this sound. Also, they could not differentiate between the long sound/a/ and the sound/e/ (e.g. paper-pepper).They also have problems in differentiating between the long/e/ and the short /i/ (e.g. eat-it). Furthermore, diphthongs in English are difficult to learn and definitely tribal markers in English. .They are also very easy for native speakers of English to identify but not easy for non-native speakers of English. So, speech sounds which involve a slide from one vowel to another is the biggest problem which face Asian adult students when they speak English. For example, theou sound in the word out is a blend of /ah/ and /oo/. Several of diphthongs are quiet subtle .For instant the long /ee/ sound in the words feel and fear is a blend of /ee/ and /ah/ as (fee-ah). Celce-Murcia , Brinton and Goodwin ( 1996 ) Consonants Kota(2006) stats that English consonants are less difficult than vowels. Most languages have the sounds which are represented by the letters d, t, s, and z .Nevertheless, some languages do not use certain consonants which can be difficult for non-native speakers of English. For examples, the r and l sounds are not used by Japanese and Korean native speakers. Then, the so- called ra-la distinction is especially difficult for them. They have also difficulty to distinguish between /b/ and /v/ sounds. The /th/ sound is not simply to use it in the naÃÆ' ¯ve language. It can be difficult for Vietnamese students. Therefore, they substitue a /zh/ instead of /th/ as in: /zh/ese problems may be caused by pollution. Also, he adds that there are more consonants in English than in Japanese language .Therefore, the /f/, /v/ /o/, A/, /s/,/3/,/ts/,/d3/ do not exist in the Japanese consonantal system. In addition, Munro((1993) states that some Arabic language do not make use of separate sounds for /b/ and/p/.then, they have difficulty to distinguishing and pronouncing b and p sounds as in : do not bark while I park the van. The difference is quite subtle. They may confuse z withj .These problems cause misunderstanding by native English speakers when they communicate with each other From my own experience as a Libyan student at Leicester University in the UK, I had a car accident in university road because the weather was slippery and snowing which cause that the brake of my car was out of the control. After that the police came to me and asked me some questions about the accident. I said to him I feel slippery. The problem here, the police wrote in the report driver feel asleep but he did not write what I said I feel slippery .I think that was a misunderstanding between the police and me because of my language. He misunderstand me because of his linguistic constraints particularly his heavily -accented English. Other problems which face Asian adult students, is dropping medical stopped consonants. Some of them tend o drop stopped consonants such as, sounds /p/ and /k/ from the middle of poly syllabic words. For example, Chinese students tend to drop the difficult c from the word of success. They say/ suhsess/.Also, some native speaker of English pronounce the word accessory as/ assess or ee/ instead of / ack-sess-or-ee/.(Dalton,1994) Syllable structure: According to Joanna Heather (2003), English allows for in syllable structure a cluster of up to three consonants before the vowel and four consonants after the vowel as in the words straw and glimpsed. Therefore, the structure of syllabus cause issues for speakers of many languages. For instance, Japanese students usually try to in between the consonants (e.g. desk-/desks/) becomes desukusu or in the word milk shake / mIlk ʃeIk/ becomes mirukushȆ¡ku.Kota(2006) there are two types of syllable in English which are open syllables( CV) and closed syllables( CCCVCC).On the other hand, Japanese only permit one type of syllable which is open syllable. For example, Word meaning syllable Ke hair CV Kare boyfriend CVCV So, Words in Japanese do not end with consonants and it Japanese does not allow both initial and final consonants. Knowles (1987) maintains that some Asian students who first languages end in vowels, they often tend to make all English words end in vowels. For example, they pronounce the word make as /meIkÉâ„ ¢ / instead of/ meIk/. Also, they sometimes find it is so complicated when native speakers of English may drop consonants in the more complex blends (e.g. the word months, they say /mɆ¦nÉ µs/ instead of / mɆ¦nos/. Rhythm and Cadence: Brown (2001: 121) pointed out that cadence is the pattern of stresses within a sentence and rhythm refers to the beat syllabus. If each one were marked by tapping fingers on a desk: rat a-tat-tat-tat TAT of this. He adds that the main issue that trips up Asian adult students that British English are stress timed whereas most Asian languages are syllable timed. Stressed syllables are roughly equidistant in time and they like the sound of the mechanical tat-tat-tat-tat of gun machine with equal length to each syllable. However, native English speakers stretch syllables at the same time like putting emphasis on some syllables and not others. For instance,hi. Wonderful to see u again .They say this sentence like this hiiiii woooood fl to seeeeeee yu agaiaiainn. This mean, won- see- gain is both emphasized and lengthened but other syllabuses in the sentence are so lightly and shortened spoken. According to Kota (2006), stress time in English is one of the problem that encounter Asian students particularly for Singaporeans students. They speak in the way which is very difficult for English speakers to understand. Intonation Roach, (2002: 50) defines intonation as the rising or falling pitch of the voice while pronouncing words or syllables. He believes that intonation enables speakers to express their emotions and attitudes when they speak. The most problematic area of pronunciation for most Asian students is intonation. They find it extremely difficult to hear tunes or identify the different patterns of rising and falling tones. Therefore, some Asian languages have less pitch variation than English especially Japanese language.They use pith changes to mark stress on the word level which result the so-called monotonous intonation. Wong(1987) suggests that English as a tonal language(not using tones).We can understand the words in isolation but if we put them together in sentences, the meaning of the sentence may change by a shift in tone. For example, Are you going to the library?(low-then-high on word library) but if u wondered which of two persons agreed to get the list of books, the same words would have a different emphasis Are you going to the library?, and the tone for you would be rather deep which is different from the first question. Jack and Willy (2002) introduce other problems in English pronunciation .Firstly, difference between spelling and sounds. There are lots of words in English language which have silent letters. Therefore, most Asian students specifically Pakistani students pronounce these silent letters unknowingly which make them mispronounce the words. For example, knowledge, kneel .These two word have k silent letter which they should not pronounce it at all. Secondly, multiple sounds of the same letters are also one of the issues that encounter Asian adult students. This mean there are many letters and combinations of letters which produce numerous sounds at different place. For instance, the letter c produces two sounds like s and k (e.g. circle, car) and also ch letter produce three sounds as ch,k andsh. Factors affecting the English pronunciation of Asian students: The effect of native language: Every language in the world has different accent and varsities is true that non native speakers speak the target language in a different way. Sometimes, they speak highly different than native speakers of English do. Avery Ehrlich (1987:9) calls the foreign accent the nature of which is determined to a large extended by a learners native language. Then, native language of speaker may influence on the pronunciation of the target language. Jack and Willy(2002: 184) states that the way we speak is a part of our identity ,that is, phonemic differences between language cause, a target language which will be spoken with a foreign language. Some Asian students specifically Turkish adult students have difficulty in some English sounds or words that are not exist in their first language. For example, the sounds/ÃÆ' °/ and / ÆÅ ¸/ are not exist in Turkish language which lead Turkish students to face difficulty to pronounce these sounds when they speak English. So they produce these sou nds under the influence of their first language. Then, the influence of native language is inevitable. The factor of age: This is the most important factor in learning English pronunciation. If someone wants to pronounce a foreign language with a native like accent, he/she should start to learn it during his/her childhood. For example, children who start learn English language in foreign language speaking people environment. As a result, they have more advantage than the children who learn the second language in their motherlands. Krashen (1988) mentions that people who expose their second language during childhood, they achieve higher foreign language proficiency than those who beginning as adults. It seems that age is the main factor which effect on adults English pronunciation. They are difficult for them to learn English language after puberty. Therefore, it is better to learning it in short run and should be started in puberty. Phonetic Ability: According to Jack and Willy (2002) pointed out that some people who have a good ear, they have the ability to discriminate between the two sounds accurately. So, learners phonetics ability affects the development of their pronunciation. Kenworthy(1987) believes that the influence of age is an efficient factor for phonetics ability. Because it is so difficult for adult students to have more ability in pronunciation than immigrants children who start their learning process in a second language speaking environment. The Amount Exposure: Many non native speakers have not opportunity to practice the English language in their motherlands. English also do not only used in the classroom. If the learners live in an English- speaking country, the learners will have opportunities to listen and speak with native speakers of English. Conversely, there will no advantage for learners if they live in a non English speaking country. Kenworthy (1987) insists that exposure can be a contributory factor but it is not necessary factor for developing adult learners pronunciation. Learners should make use of it is opportunities, if they are aware of the necessity of being exposed to the second language. If the learners do that, they will be more successful in case of improving their pronunciation. Personality and Attitude This factor affect the pronunciation of most Asian adult students in a bad way if the learners have negative attitudes for the English environment .learners or they are introverted students. From my own experience as a student in the UK, I am one of the students who are introverted or shy. Therefore, I usually do not take part in classroom activities; seminars and tutorials .Whereas extrovert students have more chance to improve their pronunciation. Brown (2001) states attitude of the students toward the new language have an effective role in pronunciation learning. Also, if the learners have a good attitude for the target culture, they can develop their pronunciation accurately. If the learners have some prejudices on the second language and its society, this event will influence their approach to the language. It is clear that these above factors are effective in the learners pronunciation and also exert much influence on the adult learners. So, teachers play a significant role for helping adult learners to develop their English pronunciation. Also, they should pay attention to the students concern for pronunciation because they are not aware of the way that they speech. Therefore there are lots of methods and types of teaching English pronunciation which help Asian adult students to overcome the difficulties of it. They will also help them to acquire an accurate pronunciation and improve their speech. Solutions to surmount the difficulties of mispronunciation among Asian adult students:- Teaching pronunciation:- Jigsaw: Pennington (1996) maintains that jigsaw is a form of information gap. Students work in pairs or small group to exchange their information. They try to combine words with each other to create sentences. These sentences consist of words that the learners have difficulty to pronounce these words. For example, in the word rise which has the letters s that they must pronounce it as z and producing /raIz/ e.g. I was surprised that the raisings rise! B-Tongue Twister: This kind of activity helps adult Asian students to say difficult words and phrases so quickly. Celce-Murcia (1987:55) stress that there is a little transfer from practice to natural information. But, if it is needed and necessary, they can be used. Example: Paul piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. 2-Drilling Techniques There are lots of drills which helps adult Asian students to improve their English pronunciation. They are very useful for teaching the correct pronunciation of the words and sentences. A- Saturation drill Wong (1987) proposed it is vey suitable for all position of the problematic sound. For instance, the sound /s/ as a problem sound. It can be drilled in its three positions Initial media final See leasing peace Seem clinic purse Substitution drill Dalton (1994) says that this drill can be applied by substituting any sound instead of other sound. For instance,/t/ sound instead of /ÃŽÂ ¸/ and /d/ in place of /ÃÆ' °/( e.g. this is thin/tin.) It is clear that there are other ways helps learners to overcome difficulties of pronunciation .First, media which give to the students positive advantage especially when they watch standard English news channel like BBC. Second, is practice. Students should practise English with native speaker or non native speakers of English to improve their English speaking Conclusion: To sum up, teaching pronunciation is one of the important areas of foreign language teaching. Most overseas students especially Asian adult students encounter troubles when they try to communicate with native speakers of English. Then, communication should be the primary purpose of language learning and teaching. One crucial part of effective communication for Asian adult students to grasp is: comfortably intelligible pronunciation. They have certain difficulties such as produce correct sound and recognition of English sounds, understanding of stress and intonation, difference between spelling and sounds and other problems. Therefore, it should be studied in the early age (from puberty) to eliminate these problems and also to overcome the negative influence from the first language interference. Teachers must be a ware of the techniques which help students improve their pronunciation according to their age, ability, needs, attitudes and expectations. Count words (3200) Classroom Implications: Appendix I: Generally, pronunciation is really complicated process in foreign language teaching. There are some of sounds which have similar sounds but have different meanings. This can be causing much confusion to the learners. Therefore, most ESL students have problem with English pronunciation when they speak English. From my own experience as a teacher in Libyan secondary school, I used several ways to teach pronunciation which can be benefit all learners. Firstly, introducing phonemes .because the biggest problem that faces them is the distinguage between sounds. For example, in the words fat, mat, cat, sat, the letters /f/, /m/, /c/, /s/ are the phonemes which are the beginning letters of these words. Phoneme makes the distinct difference between similar words. After that, students listen and repeat these different sounds and then identify them. For the best result, I introduce phoneme in pairs. (e.g. the /f/ and/v/ sounds).They listen and speak them and also repeat simple words like( fat- vat)Secondly, practicing phonemes for making the sound accurately. I drew pronunciation diagrams on the blackboard because they help them to know how to hold the tongue and lips. For example, the sound /th/ in #the word this and thank. Anxiety is usually common among students when they lean pronunciation. Then, I usually use some verbal games such as, handclap rhythms and jazz charts which can help them to improve their speaking and relieve much of pressure. Appendix II: Students listen to audio recordings and they practice what they hear because recordings get them attuned to stress, intonation, pitch and phonological distinctions. For example: Listen and say what word you hear: is it from column (a) or column (b)? Some words are unusual. Appendix III Word stress and intonation Listen and mark the stressed syllable. Daughter- orbit-planet- computer- meaning- handle-homework- hospital derision. 2-Read these sentences and mark the pauses with / and mark the intonation pattern with à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å". People who look different from others in some way are interesting. The one who looks bored is my sister. The latest design, with CD player is very expensive. A tidy, conventionally decorated room with everything in its place is boring.

Effects of Organizational Culture on Police Decision Making Essay

This essay discusses the effects of the police organizational culture on a Police officer’s ability to make independent decisions. Every culture is composed of four elements: â€Å"values, norms, beliefs, and expressive symbols† (Peterson, 1979, p. 137). Each police officer is influenced by the police organizational culture during training. After graduation fro the police academy, the officer is influenced by the more experienced officers of the department. Research conducted by several authors has found that peer influence never ceases even after years of experience in the field. Throughout life, people change their point of views by the impact of the people they encounter and the structure of society. Although people initially joining the organization have the ability to use common sense and encompass a variety of values, cultural and religious beliefs, this soon changes after joining. Throughout history, unorthodox behavior has become an acceptable norm within society due to peer pressure, fear, and longing to become part of the police culture. Adolf Hitler became a famous man who ruled Germany by fear, which led to be one of the world’s prevalent tragedies (Wistricht, 1995). The police societies retain both negative and positive qualities in their social norms, principles and attitude. â€Å"In the field of police, the standard of the performance are based on occupational culture† (Manning, 1978). The negative characteristics of police cultures assumed by Jermier et al. (1991) are â€Å"militaristic, uniformed dress, rigid rank hierarchy of authority, unbending rules and authoritative command system,† (p. 173). The police culture teaches false, misleading ideas and norms to alter officer’s judgment, thoughts, associati... ... Frost, R. (1999). Mountain Interval. New York: Henry Holt and Company. Retrieved from http://www.bartleby.com/119/1.html Jermier, J. M., John, W. S., Fry, J. L., & Gaines, J. (1991, May 1991). Organizational Subcultures in a Soft Bureaucracy: Resistance Behind the Myth and Facade of an Official Culture. Organization Science, 2(2), 170-191. Manning, P. K. (1978). The police: Mandate strategies and appearances. (In P.K. Maning & J.V. Maanen ed.). Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear. Peterson, R. A. (1979). Revitalizing the Culture Concept. Annual Review of Sociology, 137-166. Sever, M. (2008, Feb ). Effects of Organizational Culture on Police Decision Making. Telemasp Bulletin, 15(1), p. 12. Retrieved from http://www.lemitonline.org/publications/telemasp/Pdf/volume%2015/vol15no1.pdf Wistricht, R. (1995). Who's Who In Nazi Germany (2 ed.). Routledge: Routledge.

Improving Procurement Lead Times at Hill Air Force Base Essay -- Busin

Improving Procurement Lead Times at Hill Air Force Base In today’s tough economic times organizations need to seriously look at ways to improve their service level, even in the government. With decreasing military budgets and workforce reductions all government agencies need to streamline activities as much as possible to ensure that the taxpayers’ dollars are being spent wisely and the warfighter is being supported. The National Health Service (NHS) of East Midlands, England has established an excellent website, which benchmarks their twelve steps to process improvement on their Improvement Network (NHS - East Midlands, 2012). The website offers many tools and techniques as well as improvement tools that can be used during the process improvement steps. Although many organizations struggle with process improvements, careful analysis suggests that government agencies can reap the benefits of process improvements just as much as other public and private sectors, especially if they follow an organized approach such as the one identified on the NHS improvement network. Step 1 - Choose a Specific Service to Improve The government procurement process can be a daunting task. Whether the acquisition is competitive or non-competitive, procurement lead times can vary greatly depending on the type of procurement. With news stories of impropriety transpiring among the government on a daily basis more oversight is being required during the procurement process which is adding unnecessary time to the procurement lead times. With the increased oversight requirements it has become more difficult to get the necessary products to the warfighter during their time of need, which greatly affects the ability for government procurement offi... ...though some may argue that making improvements within an organization can be difficult. As long as organizations follow the first four steps in process improvement they should be able to operate more effectively and efficiently. In order for organizations to improve their service levels they need to examine both their internal and external processes and determine the steps required to make necessary improvements. It is essential for organizations to reduce operating costs and improve their service level, even in the government. Works Cited Jacobs, F. R., & Chase, R. B. (2010). Operations and supply chain management. (13 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. MindTools.com. (2012). essential skills for excellent career. Retrieved from http://www.mindtools.com/ NHS - East Midlands. (2012). The improvement network. Retrieved from http://www.tin.nhs.uk/

Effects of Gadgets

UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN PHINMA EDUCATION NETWORK DAGUPAN CITY EFFECTS OF GADGETS TO STUDENTS STUDYING HABITS SUBMITTED BY 2BSN-1 CASILANG, JAY BRYANT E. DUNGO, ELJOHN F. GARCIA, ROLLEX JOHN MACARAEG, JETHRO RJ ORPILLA, JEFFERSON AGUSTIN, SHAIRA IGLESIAS, GEE ANN CASTILLO, MARWILL JORDAN CUSTODIO, JEREMIAS TABLE OF CONTENTS RATIONALE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM BRIEF METHODOLOGY RESULTS DISCUSSION APPENDICES END NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY RATIONALESeveral studies and reports show that the tremendous use of technological peripherals or we popularly call as â€Å"gadgets† have effects to the different aspects of our human body – physically, mentally, emotionally and even spiritually. A  gadget  is usually referred to as â€Å"a small tool such as a machine that has a particular function, but is often thought of as a novelty†. The definition states that â€Å"it has a particular function† which means it can perform particular tasks. Nowadays, these widgets are used for several purposes just like PSP which is used for gaming and also for picture viewing.With the development of Internet and the growth of applications, many features are installed on the new gadgets today which also implies that gadgets have increased their functions. These features attracts the people to purchase them which now leads to the prevalence of gadget in the world principally they are cheaper presently compared to the past years. Undeniably, these gadgets became a necessity in life that’s why they can’t be easily pull away from everyone. These devices brought fun and excitement, better communication and virtual gaming which makes it more interactive to everyone.One of these gadgets is the computer. In today’s modern times, computers are seen almost everywhere we go just like establishments, offices, businesses and schools. With the power of modern technology, these computers created a big difference to the world today compared to the past years. At that time when computers are not yet invented, there is no such thing we call as â€Å"automation†. All works are done manually, time and energy consuming. Just like in creating a simple document, we used pen and paper to write an article or any other paper works.But with the existence of computers, you just need to click the word processing program icon to prepare your medium for writing and you can immediately start typing the characters. It is also free from erasure because of the undo feature included on it. These computers are built to make works easier, faster and lighter. Undeniably, students are also benefited to the existence of computers. During those years when computer is not yet present, students are dependent to books and libraries when it comes to making their home works and paper works.But as the years passed by, students in the library got fewer because they spend their time doing their works in computer or in their own personal computer. Now in the present t ime, the age of modern technology, where almost everything is high-tech, computer technologies has greatly improved and has had become better. These days, the computer technology industry is rapidly growing and changing. Internet are now used on these widgets which become a factor which makes studying fun and easy. With just a single click, all you are searching for will be presented ithout wasting your energy looking for references. However, users of gadgets are becoming addicted in using their devices or being overexposed without knowing the effects it may give to them. According to an article of IndiaStudyChannel. com (2010), â€Å"Several studies and researches have suggested about the various harmful effects gadgets have on human health. Have you ever imagined that why after watching Television for a long time you tend to feel tired and your eyes strained? Sometimes even listening to music from earphones for a long time can cause pain in the ears. In our society nowadays, many youths which are mostly composed of high percentage of students are addicted especially to social networking sites like Facebook and games like Defense of the Ancients. What’s alarming about these things is that students spend most of their time socializing, gaming and they just reserved a little time for studying their lessons. A reason why students are having difficulty when it comes to school works. Their school performances are getting weak reason why they get low grades. Computer addiction is a huge problem for most students.They procrastinate their works because they don’t notice their time is running fast while they are in front of it. We know that computer and all other gadgets are made to make life easier and enjoyable and all we are searching are attached in this machine. But despite of this factor, the students still get low grades and have weak performance in school. That’s why there is a need for research about this study to find out the effects of computers to students’ studying habits and the solutions for any dilemma that will present to the results of this research. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Topic: â€Å"Effects of Gadgets to Students’ Studying Habits†The effects of using gadgets affecting the students’ studying habits disturbed the attention of the researchers because of the fast growing innovations of gadgets nowadays, especially these peripherals are now dominating the world including the field of education. The researchers are mainly concerned with the effects of the gadgets to students’ studying habits and also the solutions to any dilemma that will be present after the results of this research are already been shown. And the most important part of the research, to collect information about the common effects of gadgets to students’ studying habits. BRIEF MEHODOLGY

Describe with Examples How Different Aspects of Development Affect One Another Essay

Question: Describe with examples how different aspects of development affect one another. Answer: When growing up children learn many things and at times these can overlap and become intertwined with each other. I have wrote a brief description of these different aspects of development and what they mean in general terms: Behaviours – The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others. Communication – The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using body language. Emotional – The feelings and/or reactions of an individual’s circumstances, mood, or relationship with others. Intellectual – The faculty of reasoning and understanding. Language – The method of communication, i.e. written or spoken, which has been structured to be understood. Physical – Relates to the body and not the mind. Social – Relates to how one works in partnership with others and the need for companionship and communication. Example: When my daughter was a baby, she learned that the things she did prompted different reactions from her dad and I, such as smiling when she smiled, and coming to her when she cried. In this way she was beginning to learn that physical acts, are a method of communicating and a way of expressing emotion’s such as happiness and sadness. Through this she gained the intellect to understand that crying means she is sad and as she got older she came to understand that other people are sad when they cry too. The more contact she has had with people, the more her own social confidence has expanded and as such she will now go to family members and try to communicate and get positive reactions through her good behaviour such as clapping her hands when happy. She is now a year old and attempting to learn what words are and what they mean, as she has observed that this is how adults communicate through spoken language. I have used my daughter as an example to show how different aspects of development affect each other and can occur at almost the same time. If we hadn’t smiled back at her when she smiled, she may not have attached this physical movement as an expression of  her emotion’s, which would have impacted her ability to socialise with others and empathise with their emotion’s as well as communicate her own.In little ways such as that, each aspect of development can affect each other and as these main stages of development continue to affect children as they learn and grow, it ultimately affects the person the child will become. Children are influenced by those around them such as parents, friends and teachers who the children will emulate and learn from through observation and then put into practice in their own social encounters.

Jules Winnfield and Vincent Vega

The first scene that will be analysed is the one where Jules Winnfield and Vincent Vega are going to fulfil their duties as gangsters (0:06:45-0:20:12). The scene shows how normal it is for the main characters to have a job as gangsters and kill people on command of their boss. While watching it, the viewer has the impression that the world in the film is absurd, but it is a perfect example of a social satire. The main characters live in a world full of violence, drugs, but they find themselves perfectly suitable in it. Also, the verbal humour has a crucial role here; lots of comical ornaments of the speech, curses, irony and sarcasm create the whole background of this environment. Basing on the benign-violation theory, the whole scene evokes amusement, because characters present quite controversial behaviour. For the purpose of the forthcoming analysis, the scene will be divided into three parts:1) Jules and Vincent's dialogue in the car (0:06:45-0:08:43); 2) The conversation about the foot massage (0:08:43-0:13:46)3) The score of gangsters and debtors (0:13:46-0:20:12). As the first part of the scene begins, Jules and Vincent drive a car and the main focus here is on the dialogue between the characters; they talk mostly about Vincent's journey to Europe. He mentions many cultural differences: the policies of hash bars, the law of policemen, beer in cinemas, or mayonnaise on fries in Holland, how a Quarter-Pounder with cheese is called a Royale with cheese in France. At this point, the viewer has no idea where the main characters are driving or what the purpose of their mission is. It can be only assumed that they are partners and that the circumstances are quite amusing, because they seem serious, but their conversation is completely ridiculous. This contrast is highly intriguing and introduces the viewer to the world full of absurd.

Mice of Men

Steinbeck uses different techniques to build up tension and atmosphere in the fight scene of ‘Of Mice And Men’. These methods include powerful images, vivid choice of words and speed of events. Personally, I think the most effective method is the contrast between Lennie’s gentleness and power. I think Steinbeck achieves the full potential effect with this technique, and it really adds to the images in the readers mind. John Steinbeck uses violence in speech to build up tension.Curley says â€Å"Come on ya big bastard. Get on your feet. No big son-of-a-bitch is gonna laugh at me. I’ll show you who’s yella†. This quotation shows the obscene language used in the fight scene, and how it builds up atmosphere. Curley speaks in an aggressive manner and this dialogue shows he was acting threateningly towards Lennie. Not only does the obscene language suggest his fury, it also acts as evidentiary support for how uneducated the ranch workers were.This i s also backed up by the fact that the boss doesn’t swear, suggesting he is slightly more intelligent than his employees, hence his authority. Curley is described as ‘handy’ earlier in the text, meaning he is a good fighter. He also tends to attack an easy target. Lennie is extremely vulnerable, despite his size. Therefore, Curley would be significantly improving his reputation by fighting Lennie, because people would be unaware of his vulnerability and just notice his appearance. The violence in speech is a very effective technique.

Basic Memory Management Without Swapping Computer Science Essay

Basic Memory Management Without Swapping Computer Science Essay Program execution is the main propose of computer system .During execution programs are together with the data they access with in main memory. To keep track of what memory is in use and what memory is free is called memory management. Allocate the free memory to the process when any process needed the free space and de-allocates it when they don’t need the free space. Ideally, programmers want memory that is Fast Large Nonvolatile There are two classes of memory management systems, those that transfer processes to and from disk during execution are the swapping or paging .And those that don’t are the simple and might find this scheme in embedded device, phone, smart card, or PDA. Basic Memory Management without Swapping or Paging There are three simple ways of organizing memory, operating system with one user process. How to divide memory Two approaches are one divide the memory into fix equal partitions and the other is partition size can be loaded into any other par tition. Equal-sized partitions Any unused space in the partition is wasted called internal fragmentation. And process which is larger than partition cannot be run. Fixed size partitions In fixed partition processes are in queues that are fits in it, but some partitions may be idle because jobs are available in small partitions and only the large partition free. Memory management in Operating systems Linux Memory Management: There are two main component of Linux memory management. The first one component is to assign and freeing the space, after using the physical memory. The second component deals with virtual memory. Physical memory management Linux divide its physical memory into three different parts because it has different hardware characteristics. These three parts are the following: Zone DMA Zone NORMAL Zone HIGHMEM. Page allocator is the primary physical memory manger in Linux. For every zone separate allocator is exist which allocate and freeing the space for the zone. The allocator uses the Buddy system to keep all records about physical pages which is available at the time in memory. Memory splitting into Buddy system Virtual memory management There are many types of virtual memory regions in Linux. Backing store for the region is the first property of this memory. Which describe the pages region that from where it is to come. Mostly region is back by nothing which represents the demand-zero memory. Windows Memory Management: The window provide many ways to the application for using memory like virtual memory, heaps, memory mapped files and thread local storage. Virtual memory VirtualAlloc() is the method which is used to allocate the virtual memory and virtualFree() method is use to de-allocate the space into virtual memory. The virtual address in which the memory is allocated through these functions applications are enable. They operate on multiple pages which are in memory and the starting address must be greater than 0*10000. Heaps Applications used the memory space also through heap. In this environment address space is already reserve. When API process is start (also called initialized) it creates the 1-MB default heap.

Peer Pressure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peer Pressure - Essay Example I asked him if he had discussed this matter with his parents, to which he replied that he felt embarrassed discussing it with them. So he had not shared his problems with his parents thus far. He did not know what he should do about this problem. He told me that he had done some research about this problem on the internet and had learnt that the problem can be treated with a mild surgery if it does not go away with age, though he was not sure if he would ever get the surgery done. He said that he had always let his parents decide things for him, and could not take decision as an individual. This boy adjusts in the stage of identity diffusion of Marcias theory of identity development as he does not have a sound ability to make rational choices and is not sure how to come out of the problem. My second interviewee was a sixteen year old girl. When I asked her about the most significant challenge she was facing, she replied that she did not feel safe, or at least content with the co-educ ation system. She said that her male class fellows would more look at her body than into her eyes while talking to her. She said that she felt offended at this disgraceful behavior of her male class fellows.

History of elizabeth Arden (Make-Up company) Research Paper

History of elizabeth Arden (Make-Up company) - Research Paper Example The Spa was opened on Fifth Avenue, and it has formed the basis of the existing world cosmetics giant, which has been involved in acquiring many other brands and products from various producers, to boost its line of products. The proprietor of the company was a women’s advocate who was very active in advocating for the rights of women, through searching for all ways to empower women, at an age when the rights of women was a disturbing subject that many avoided to confront with. As a way of empowering and showing the solidarity of women, she advocated for beauty and fragrance of women through the use of make-ups, which then gave her the motivation to establish the make-up salon, the Red Door salon, which she could use for advocacy campaign, where alongside other 15,000 women who were suffragettes, she matched past her salon wearing red lipstick, as a show for women’s solidarity2. Initially started as the Red Door salon, the company obtained its present name from the coin age of a name from a previous partnership that Florence Graham had with Elizabeth Hubbard, which dissolved in 1909, and then added the name Arden from her favorite poem, Enoch Arden, to come up with the current name of the company3. She embarked on a journey of growing the business, both as a motivation for other women to get into independent productive ventures, and also to prove to those who were opposed to giving women their rights. Florence Nightingale Graham increased her business management skills through travelling to France in 1912 to learn the techniques of running a beauty salon, while also learning the kind of products that were used in such salons. There, she learnt the beauty and face massage skills, as well as learning how to prepare various powders for use in the massage process. When she returned back home later in that year, she had all the requisite skills of diversifying her business from just offering beauty services and products, to the inclusion of massage serv ices. By 1914, the expansion strategy for the business was well shaped, with the business starting to formulate, manufacture and sell its own beauty and cosmetics products. Thus, the Red Door salon grew and expanded immensely, and by 1915, she embarked on making her business international, through opening other salons in different parts of the world, where the first the Elizabeth Arden salon was opened in France in 19224. By 1930, the Red Door salons had been established in the major fashion capitals of the world, and thus the company, as a brand, had become as popular as the Coca-Cola Company. Until her death in 1962, Elizabeth Arden, Inc. had been recognized the world over as a giant in the cosmetics industry, and she had won several honors for her contribution to the 21st century entrepreneurship. However, the company was highly affected by the great depression occurring in the period 1938, although the brands of the company were still popular, thus it continued to make reasonabl e sales that enabled it to survive the economic crisis, while earning low profits. The Elizabeth Arden, Inc. during the World War II Elizabeth Arden, Inc. was especially active during the World War II period, with a special focus on facilitating women who were joining the fighting forces. This way, the Elizabeth Arden, Inc. engaged in the production of various brands meant for the women soldiers, which included lipsticks that were required to match the uniform of

Prison System in England and Wales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Prison System in England and Wales - Essay Example Hence, the crux of this paper concerns the possible solution of prison crisis through the increase in number of prisons after analysing the major causes of the problem so as to examine the best possible solution of the problem in the truest sense. Effective management of prisons is one of the greatest issues confronting any country in the world. Number of prisoners is increasing in all parts of the world exacerbating the crisis in the form of inefficient management, prisoner suicides, aggression, deteriorating hygienic condition and ineffective provision of educational facilities to prisoners. The condition in the prisons of England and Wales is no different; rather it is worse than many developed countries in the world and the most significant issue behind this crisis happens to be massive overcrowding in prisons soaring at a rapid rate. The prisons in England and Wales are severely overcrowded. According to Press Release (2002), the number of people in prisons exceeded 71,500 in 2002, which was about 45,800 in the year 1992. This reveals that the number of people in prison had almost doubled within a span of just 10 years, which in itself was a record. Within Western Europe, the rate of increase in the number of prisoners is the highest, which stood at 134 per 100,000 in the year 2002, and reached 141 per 100,000 in 2004 (National Offender Management Service, 2005). Prisons have no choice but to admit more and more people as court commands people to be incarcerated every day against different criminal charges. According to Page (2003), the number of women prisoners in 1992 was 1300, while it reached 4000 in the year 2002. It shows that the number of women in prisons has risen by about 3 times during a single decade. The number of children under the age of 18 has also increased three times over the last decade. Moreover, the number of old prisoners over the age of 60 in the year 1989 was 345, which after ten years rose to 1000. This is an alarming condition and if it continues in the same direction there is a threat that it will cripple the entire criminal justice system in England and Wales (Press Release, 2002). This menace is further exacerbated with expected rise in the number of prisoners in future. The government opines that the number of prisoners in UK will reach 100,000 by the year 2010 (Page, 2003). If this prediction becomes true, the situation and environment in prisons will further be worsened, as the system is not capable to bear pressure of soaring prison population to such an extent. With the increasing number of prisoners to be fitted in the same number of prisons and cells, the prisoners are being located in narrow cells that are not designed for two or three persons at the same time. The number of beds, toilets and other facilities intended for a single person are to be shared by more than one. According to a report by House of Lords/House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights (2004), this surging number of prisoners has caused massive overcrowding in prisons and about 17000 prisoners happen to have been accommodated two in a cell designed for one. National Offender Management Service (2005, p16) states that, "the ten most overcrowded prisons in England in 2004 accounted for 5,900 out of the 18,400 prisoners required to share a cell in crowded conditions". The

Any company of the ones in the Quesation paper Case Study

Any company of the ones in the Quesation paper - Case Study Example Key elements of IBM's web strength are listed below: 1) IBM has highly reliable web infrastructure used to host its website and is available 24X7. 2) It has adopted its own web services platform known as Websphere for hosting its web services. 3) Back-end is hosted on its robust server infrastructure consisting of IBM mainframes. 4) The website is intuitive and easy to use, without complicated English or too much of technical words - IBM's site is one of the simplest to read and understand. 5) The web services are country-specific covering all services for a given country. This is a huge competitive advantage because IBM operates out of more than 170 countries! 6) The 'support and services' part of its website is designed very well - it is simple and easy to use. 7) It's e-commerce facilities are built on its own CommercePOINT platform - The platform details are shown below: Picture 2 - Source: wolrath.com 8) It has solid partner services in the form of 'IBM Partnerworld' - All partner business facilities are available as part of this website. 9) It has a very robust data warehouse and business intelligence back-end to interpret web requests and serve the relevant information. Competitive Advantages of web services The key elements that make IBM stand out apart from its competitors such as HP, Accenture and others are as follows: a) The Websphere web services platform has become very popular and it is even used by competitors today for packaging and use web application services. b) Its back-end mainframes are very robust and are built with the longest duration of research and development within the market. c) Its country-specific services are completely localized to individual countries and this has proven very useful for marketing and sales targeted at...It is therefore chosen as the subject of this business analysis. The analysis is divided into three parts as follows: d) IBM is a big supporter of open source development. It has built a separate web facility called 'DeveloperWorks' to help software and IT professionals. This is hugely popular and is seen as an advantage over competitors. e) The PartnerWorld web portal for its developers is used very well by its several partners. IBM has been a strong partnering company right from the beginning and this strength has come over to its web services for the partners as well. IBM has been a company of radical change all through its decades of existence. The Organization is traditionally known to be very conservative and formal in its management style - but surprisingly, it has made very strong and firm moves repeatedly to meet changing market conditions and demands. Major changes are discussed below: i. The turning point in IBM's history was when the company decided to enter the field of digital computers (manufacturing) in the early 1950's.

Should the outside world intervene to help the victims of violence in Research Paper - 2

Should the outside world intervene to help the victims of violence in Syria - Research Paper Example CON: No the outside world should not intervene to help the victims of violence in Syria because: 1. Supporting Syria militarily violates the policy of non-military support 2. Supporting the rebels could lead to militarization of radical rebels within Syrian rebel group 3. Supporting Syria militarily will set a bad precedence, which may prompt the upsurge of rebel groups in many countries. 4. Supporting the Syrian rebels would amount to infringing on the sovereignty of the country. 5. The variation in the support, where some countries support the Syrian government and others support the Rebels may build a rivalry amongst other countries, which is a threat to world peace. The conflict in Syria is among the most deadly in the entire world. Over 70,000 people are dead since peaceful protests turned into a bloody revolution (Foreign Policy, n.p.). Many of these casualties are innocent men, women and children. They are not combatants of any sort but have been victimized by the regime of Ba shar al Assad in an effort to suppress the uprising. As the Syrian conflict drags on, it is becoming increasingly clear that something must be done to end the bloodshed and arrive at an agreement between all of the parties involved in the conflict. Currently the international community and Syrians engaged in the battle are wondering what the best way to end this conflict is. I believe strongly that there are several good reasons the outside world should intervene to help the victims of violence in Syria. The first reason the outside world should intervene in Syria is the fact that innocent lives are being destroyed by a cruel, authoritarianregime. I believe that the free and powerful nations of the world have the duty to help spread the ideals of freedom and justice to all people. Sometimes this requires free nations to support revolutions that are violent and messy from a diplomatic perspective. Many innocent people are dying in Syria at the hands of a dictator (Innocent Victims, n .p.). This alone should be enough reason to get involved. One of the most important things that need to be done is to care for the people displaced to Jordan, Turkey and Iraq (Inside, n.p.). These refugees need to be housed, fed and clothed. This is the humane thing to do. The United States has given more money towards this effort than any other nation on earth. This is commendable, but my feeling is more can be done. I believe that the United States and the powerful nations of Western Europe and Asia that are free and democratic should support the rebels in Syria with advanced training, weapons and military personnel from their own armies (Foreign Policy, n.p.). A second reason for full military engagement in the Syrian uprising centers on the fact, it is the duty of all nations to safeguard human rights, despite no matter where they are being violated. Bashar al Assad does not understand anything other than brute force. His father and grandfather both suppressed uprisings in the p ast with brutal tactics (South, 22). The outside world should intervene to show him that human rights are fundamental, and thus he cannot brutalize his own people, because the world upholds human rights with a high esteem, and it is willing to help. A peaceful and stable Syria is the first step towards this goal (Marcus, n.p.). Another reason that the world should help to end the conflict in Syria by becoming more engaged is the fact that